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评估北部湾水生态系统健康状况，为水环境保护与生态管理策略制定提供科学支撑。2022年10月（丰水期）和2023年1月（枯水期）在该海域布设69个站位，采集样品并应用环境DNA(eDNA)宏条形码技术开展了涵盖鱼类、大型无脊椎动物、小型无脊椎动物、藻类、原生动物与原核生物的多营养级生物类群监测，并通过物种数、优势丰度、网络密度、系统发育距离及生态风险类群等指标，构建多营养级生物完整性指数（M-IBI）对生态健康进行综合评估。监测采集并鉴定出鱼类214种、小型无脊椎动物32种、大型无脊椎动物163种、原生动物188种、藻类422种和原核生物318种。各类群中优势种类鱼类为鲱形类、大型无脊椎动物为节肢动物类、小型无脊椎动物为哲水蚤类、原生动物为纤毛虫类、藻类为小豆藻类，原核生物为变形菌类。样本中识别出7种外来鱼类、36种有害藻类及10组病原功能类群。网络密度最高的为大型无脊椎动物（0.221），系统发育距离指数最大为原核生物（0.991）。生态健康评估结果显示，丰水期M-IBI平均值为0.762±0.049，变动范围为0.664～0.871，整体处于“良”等级（0.724～0.768）。相比之下，枯水期M-IBI平均值为0.699±0.051，范围在0.588～0.813，处于“中”等级（0.679～0.723）。eDNA宏条形码结合多营养级完整性指数可有效评估海洋生态系统健康，为北部湾水生态保护与风险预警提供科学依据。
Abstract：A scientific assessment of the ecological health of Beibu Gulf will support development of strategies to protect water quality and manage the environment. In this study, we evaluated the ecological health of Beibu Gulf based on a multi-trophic index of biological integrity(M-IBI) developed for this study. In October 2022(wet season) and January 2023(dry season), water samples were collected at 69sampling stations to monitor multi-trophic aquatic organisms using environmental DNA(eDNA) metabarcoding technology. The aquatic organisms detected included fish, macroinvertebrates, small invertebrates,algae, protists, and prokaryotes. Then, based on taxa richness, dominance abundance, network density,phylogenetic mean pairwise distance, and ecological risk taxa, a multi-trophic index of biological integrity(M-IBI) was constructed, with five classifications(excellent, good, fair, bad, very bad) according to the index values. Results show that a total of 214 fish species, 163 macroinvertebrate species, 32 small invertebrate species, 188 protist species, 422 algal species, and 318 prokaryotic taxa were identified. Dominant groups were Clupeiformes(fish), Arthropoda(macroinvertebrates), Calanoida(small invertebrates), Spirotrichea(protists), Mamiellophyceae(algae), and Proteobacteria(prokaryotes), and the dominant group structure of different taxa was the same in both wet and dry seasons. Seven invasive fish species, 36 harmful algal species, and 10 pathogenic functional groups were detected. Macroinvertebrates exhibited the highest network density(0.221), while prokaryotes showed the greatest phylogenetic distance(0.991).The ecological health assessment results show that the M-IBI value during the wet season was in the range of 0.664 to 0.871, with the mean M-IBI value of 0.762?±?0.049, categorized as good(corresponding threshold: 0.724-0.768). The M-IBI value during the dry season was lower, ranging from 0.588 to 0.813,with a mean value of 0.699?±?0.051, categorized as fair(corresponding threshold: 0.679-0.723). In conclusion, the combination of eDNA metabarcoding with a multi-trophic index of biological integrity enables effective assessment of marine ecosystem health and offers a scientific basis for ecological protection and early warning of risk in the Beibu Gulf.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202505280002
中图分类号:X826
引用信息:
[1]陈文坚,李育森,彭金霞等.基于多营养级生物完整性指数的北部湾生态健康评估[J].水生态学杂志,2025,46(05):37-49.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202505280002.
基金信息:
广西农业科技自筹经费项目(Z202280)