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Chlortetracycline(CTC) is an emergent pollutant in the surface freshwaters of China and assessing the pollution extent and the ecological risk is crucial for establishing water quality benchmarks for CTC. In this study, we investigated water quality benchmarks for CTC in China's aquatic ecosystems. To begin, the toxicity of CTC to dominant freshwater organisms was retrieved from the ecotoxicological database. Water quality benchmarks for CTC were then established using species sensitivity distributions(SSDs), toxicity percentile ranking, and benchmark requirements from the literature. On this basis, an ecological risk assessment was developed for selected freshwater regions in China. Results show:(1) SSDs best reflect the impact of CTC on surface water ecosystems. The derived short-term and long-term water quality benchmarks for CTC are 196.20 µg/L and 28.09 µg/L, respectively. We recommend adopting the longterm benchmark as the reference value for aquatic organisms in freshwater basins across China.(2) An ecological risk assessment of CTC pollution across six major freshwater basins, including the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, was conducted using the risk quotient(RQ) method, and the results revealed that CTC poses a minimal risk to aquatic life at most monitoring sites. However, CTC concentrations exceeding the safety threshold were identified in the Ziya River(Shijiazhuang), certain areas of the lower Yangtze River, and the Nanming River in Guiyang.(3) Overall, the ecological risk remains relatively low at the basin scale, but CTC concentrations in waters adjacent to aquaculture and livestock farm discharge outlets are expected to be significantly higher than the basin-wide average. Therefore, we recommend strengthening monitoring and risk assessment of surface waters in regions with concentrated animal husbandry and aquaculture.
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202406040215
China Classification Code:X826;X52
Citation Information:
[1]GU Likun,CHENG Junyi,LI Maoju ,et al.Water Quality Benchmarks and Ecological Risk Assessment of Chlortetracycline in the Fresh Waters of China[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2026,47(03):14-25.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202406040215.
Fund Information:
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2015ZX07204-002-05）; 河南省重点研发与推广专项（232102320081）; 河南省科技攻关（252102321055）
2026-03-02
2026-03-02
2026-03-02